Question: How can I protect myself and my family from West Nile virus?
summer 2005 – volume 2, issue 3
Dr. Bill Newton responds:
West Nile Virus (WNV) was first recognized in Ontario in 2002. The virus is transmitted by the bites of mosquitoes, with an incubation period of between two and 14 days. WNV infection can range from a minor infection with no symptoms at all to a serious central nervous system infection with debilitating neurological consequences.
Fortunately for the vast majority (80%) of people who contract WNV, there are no symptoms at all and no serious consequences. About 20% of infected individuals will develop flu-like symptoms which may include: fever, fatigue, headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting, swollen glands and rash. During mosquito season, anyone with fever and these flu-like symptoms should suspect WNV and consult a physician.
Unfortunately, in a very small minority of infected individuals (less than 1%), WNV infection will manifest with significant neurological symptoms. These may include: muscle weakness, altered level of consciousness, paralysis, confusion, meningitis and encephalitis. Severe cases can be fatal. While anyone is at risk for WNV complications, the individuals most at risk are those with weakened immune systems and the elderly.
As there is no current licensed vaccine for WNV and because there is no cure, prevention is the key. Preventing WNV involves preventing mosquito bites. We can’t prevent all mosquito bites; however, we should take reasonable precautions when we enjoy the great outdoors.
Reducing mosquito breeding sites by eliminating standing water can reduce mosquito populations. Precautions against mosquito bites can include: light coloured clothing, long sleeves, netting, tucking in pant legs, and being extra careful at dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are more prevalent. An effective mosquito repellent is essential. Repellents containing DEET are safe and effective when used properly. Please consult the Health Canada Website for the safe use of DEET. It is not recommended for children under 6 months of age.
More information on WNV can be found on these websites:
www.health.gov.on.ca
www.hc-sc.gc.ca
www.cdc.gov
2600 John Street, Unit 207, Markham, ON L3R 3W3 T: 905.475.5222 F: 905.475.6369
